However, all included primary studies were delivered in HIC [26]. Although all SRs were included if at least 50% of the primary studies within them fulfilled all inclusion criteria, SRs where closer to 100% of primary studies fulfilled all criteria were considered to be better matched than those with closer to 50%. State and local stakeholders are encouraged to use other data, such as youth behavior surveys and public health surveillance, to identify which health risks have the greatest impact on students. In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. S3 Appendix. S6 Appendix. Risk of bias within primary studies was recorded in Table B in S4 Appendix. You may know to keep a file of those records. In addition, school health data provides the potential to determine the most effective interventions to support the well being of children. One reviewer (JL) assessed all SRs and a second (KK) duplicated appraisal of 10%, with 94% agreement and only minor disagreements that did not impact grades of confidence. In 1995, WHO launched the Global School Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthen approaches to health promotion in schools. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. But did you know there are other records, both formal and informal, that are important to keep for future reference? A meta-analysis of two studies on sanitary pad provision found a moderate but statistically non-significant effect on school attendance. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Higgins and OSullivan assessed the FRIENDS for Life program, a manual-based cognitive behavioral anxiety prevention program comprised of ten sessions with developmentally-tailored programs for different age groups [32]. One of the central questions of this overview was whether the school health services that are regularly delivered across the globe are evidence-based. An index publication is the first appearance of a primary study within an overview. Although prevalence of visual impairment varies widely by ethnic group and age [41], WHO estimates that at least 19 million children below age 15 are visually impaired [42]. A detailed search strategy was iteratively developed in consultation with a librarian experienced in SRs and an expert in school health services. Although the CDC does not require the use of the School Health Index, some states and school districts have policies or program requirements to use the School Health Index. The effectiveness of school-based mental health services was assessed in nine SRs (Table 3C) [19,23,24,28,29,3234,36,39]. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Additionally, reference lists of included articles were scanned for any relevant SRs. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212603, Editor: Danuta Wasserman, Karolinska Institutet, SWEDEN, Received: February 5, 2019; Accepted: May 27, 2019; Published: June 12, 2019. Meaningful use of school health data - PubMed Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21]. The Advantages of Digitizing School Health Records Digitalization of documents is becoming more popular. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Five databases were searched through June 2018. In addition to SRs that did not meet these inclusion criteria, SRs were excluded if the review was superseded by a newer version. Advancement in the use of EHRs occurred with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which provides incentives for p However, there was no risk of bias assessment in this SR and therefore the results must be interpreted cautiously. To convey to the teacher the results of the examination in such terms as to be useful to her in guiding the physical and mental growth of her . It's especially important to keep IEP and 504 plan records. While other pillars of Health Promoting Schools have relevant guidance documents, guidance on school health services is limited and not explicitly evidence-based. Due to the heterogeneity of the SRs included in this overview, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Personal health records and patient portals - Mayo Clinic Table D. Classification of primary studies within included systematic reviews for use in corrected covered area calculation. Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Affiliation: For . A SR that focused on behavioral education, such as demonstrating how to correctly brush teeth, found no evidence for reduction in caries [30], whereas a SR on oral hygiene and caries education found evidence for decreased plaque and improved hygiene [27]. Maintaining Accurate & Systematic Student Records - Study.com Comprehensive school programs that promote healthy school environments, health and nutrition literacy, and physical activity are one of the six key areas for ending childhood obesity recommended by WHO [45]. The Healthy School Report Card is already aligned with the schools improvement process. The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) All three tools are useful for internal planning and program improvement. Leading causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 1019 year olds were iron deficiency anemia, road injury, depressive disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases [47]. (PDF) The Importance of Health Records - ResearchGate Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. PLoS ONE 14(6): Given the wide reach of schools and the fact that school health services already exist in most countries, international guidelines are needed to clarify whether school health services can be effective, and if so, which interventions should and should not be included. 1100 Wayne Ave, Suite #925 Silver Spring, MD 20910-5669, 2023 NASN | Terms Of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement | LiveChat. Investing in a school management system is perhaps one of the easiest and most effective ways quickest ways institutions make the best sense of student data. (2019). It is an important aspect of (school) Administration. In emergencies, school officials can provide information from education records to protect the health or safety of the student or others. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. School health services staff also are responsible for coordinating care by communicating with the students family and health care providers so that they can stay healthy and ready to learn. Public Health Reports The most common reasons for exclusion were, first, if at least 50% of studies included within a SR were unclear for at least one criterion (e.g. However, these results did not persist at follow-up [20]. It is unclear if this finding indicates a lack of primary studies on comprehensive or multi-component school health services, or if primary studies do exist but no SR has been conducted. Explaining the Importance: Proper Academic Records Management The use of an assessment and action planning process provides a coordinated framework for school improvement and wellness efforts. Geryk and colleagues found that education on correct use of an inhaler improved inhaler technique, regardless of deliverer, method, or duration of the intervention [31]. The School plays a very important role in health education and promotion at the crucial stage of childhood and adolescence. In contrast with Gold and colleagues [23], this SR by Sullivan and Simonson found negative effects from music therapy interventions [36]. This overview was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) [11]. PDF The Importance of Health Records - Scientific Research Publishing To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Mostly favorable evidence of effectiveness was found in a SR of social-emotional interventions for refugee and war-traumatized youth from 26 countries [36]. Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy (Position Statement). Today, electronic patient records are the accepted norm. The study assessed a group counseling intervention and found no statistically significant effects on the prevalence of anxiety, self-esteem, internalizing behavior or externalizing behavior [29]. This overview presents multiple effective interventions that may be offered as a part of school health services delivered by a health provider. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Outcomes across studies differed, but the authors noted trends toward improvement in menstruation knowledge, management practices, psychosocial outcomes, and school attendance. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. When used properly, EHRs have the potential to "maximize quality, decrease cost, and prevent errors, as well as promote the interoperability of school health records with providers in other care settings." School nurses might use an EHR for: Tracking student health trends Ensuring health documentation is secure and compliant If consensus was not possible during title/abstract or full text screening, a third reviewer (DR), who had the casting vote, would have been asked to independently screen the article. Thus, responsibility for interventions may need to be redistributed in countries with limited access to health professionals. Gifted Education in Rural Schools. . This document replaces the School Nurse Role in Electronic School Health Records (January 2014). The sixth study assessed a 4-day program in Brazil. The SRs were written in English and published between 2006 and 2018. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The CCA is calculated using three variables: the number of index publications (r), the number of total publications (N), and the number of SRs within the overview (c). No review evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-component school health services intervention addressing multiple health areas. PDF Maintaining Child Health Records in Child Care Settings SRs were included in this overview if at least 50% of the studies within the SR fulfilled the following criteria: (a) participants were children (ages 59) or adolescents (ages 1019) enrolled in schools; (b) interventions were school-based or school-linked health services, involved a health provider (see definitions in S1 Appendix), and were of any duration or length of follow-up; (c) intervention effectiveness was compared to either no intervention, an alternative intervention, the same intervention in a different setting (i.e. Schools are considered to be an ideal platform for oral health promotion through education, services, and the school environment [6]. In 1995, WHO launched the GlobalSchool Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthenapproaches to health promotion in schools. SRs on oral health interventions focused on prevention [25,30], screening [18], and education [27,30] (Table 3E). Gold and colleagues assessed daily music therapy as an intervention to improve verbal and gestural communicative skills and reduce behavioral problems in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23]. DoE Issues New Guidance on FERPA and Student Health Records In another four SRs, 75% to 99% of included studies fulfilled all the inclusion criteria [21,26,30,37]. Silver Spring, MD: Author. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. This overview makes an important first step toward that guideline. This was never required as consensus was always reached. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. Due to the diversity in outcome measures and intervention intensities, the authors felt unable to make any evidence-based recommendations [30]. McDonald and Drey narratively assessed group-based art therapy as an intervention for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), moderate to severe behavior problems, or learning disorders [33]. Investigating the effectiveness of school health services - PLOS Nonetheless, these criteria were necessary to give the overview a reasonable scope. The Importance of Electronic Health Records - Naveen Jindal School of division of school health school health record name: last, first, middle birthdate: month, day, year gender: male female father's name: last, first, middle . This overview found 20 SRs covering 270 primary studies. Linking School Nurses With Health Care Systems Using EHRs: An If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Schroeder and colleagues found that school nurses are well positioned to deliver nutritional counseling, design and coordinate physical activity interventions, and educate parents, students, and staff on health, nutrition, and fitness [26]. It can even provide reports, process results, students transcripts and . Given the wide reach of schools [8] and the fact that school health services already exist in at least 102 countries [9], research on the effectiveness of school health services in LMIC and LIC must be prioritized in order to fulfill Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 and reach universal health coverage by 2030 [51]. The information can then be used for policy development, planning, and school improvement efforts. Further, they strengthen the rigor of included studies and improve decision-making ability. implementation guidance calls for the prioritization of school health programs as an important step towards universal health coverage and urges that Every school should be a health promoting school [10]. Copyright 2022 webdev. Although the overall degree of overlap between all SRs within this overview was slight, the overlap between just these five SRs targeting mood disorders was high (CCA = 11). Kavanagh and colleagues examined depression and anxiety group counseling programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found statistically significant reductions of depressive symptoms at both four weeks and three months follow-up [24,39]. Children's health records can help child care providers identify preven-tive health needs such as immunizations or dental care, prepare a special care plan for children with chronic health conditions . not in schools), an active control, or a waitlist control; (d) interventions aimed to improve one or more health outcomes, as defined by the SR authors; and (e) study designs were either randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies (QEs), or other non-randomized intervention studies. School health will be fully integrated into the greater healthcare system to provide a holistic, child-centered, health system. Strongest evidence in favor of oral health interventions emerged from a SR on universal topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25]. More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. Retain all of your child's school accounts can help you see trends and patterns over time. Valentina Baltag, A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. Finally, meta-analysis by Werner-Seidler and colleagues of 81 RCTs on the effectiveness of depression and anxiety prevention and group therapy programs found small yet statistically significant effect sizes in favor of the intervention groups for both depression and anxiety as compared to control groups [28]. PDF Electronic Health Records: An Essential Tool for School Nurses to - ed It is compulsory and can never be jettisoned. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). Quality appraisal of primary studies. Maintaining accurate records is essential to provid- ing quality care and protecting the health and safety of children in child care settings. PRISMA flowchart showing reasons for exclusion of potential systematic reviews. The need for quality health care for519-year-olds is great, but globally the quality ofhealth services for them are variable and coverageis limited. Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. The final SR on mental health services examined well-being interventions for children with a parent in the military [29]. Schools in states or districts with assessment requirements might find it beneficial to add parts of another assessment tool process to enhance their work. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. 570 were duplicates, leaving 1150 titles and abstracts to be screened. How often do assessment questions get updated?All three school health assessments are reviewed regularly by each organization and by national expert panels. This overview and the upcoming WHO guideline will specifically address school health services delivered by health providers. Excluded full text articles and reasons for exclusion. In 2015, the global means for the primary and secondary net school enrollment rates were 90% and 65%, respectively, thus the potential reach of school health services is wide [8]. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. The final two items in the four-item checklist are (3) date of publication to ensure that results are up-to-date, and (4) matching of the scope to confirm that primary studies within SRs are relevant to the overview. Importance Of School Health Services In Schools | ipl.org A majority of the studies (80%) were given low or critically low levels of confidence. Kid Kohl, That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Ukraine war latest: Russia makes first comments on missile strikes CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. school health services As part of the records types, the academic records are known as an important asset for . If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Most interventions involved school-nurse-delivered nutrition counseling, nutrition and health education, and some parent involvement or physical activity. Panelists evaluate questions based on best practices and emerging research on addressing heath behaviors and the school health environment. These items include: (1) overlap (see below), (2) rating of confidence from the AMSTAR 2 checklist [14], (3) date of publication, and (4) match between the scope of the included SRs and the overview itself. The records that school nurses keep in their daily care of over 95% of U.S. school-aged children provide an important window into child health in our nation. The primary objective of this overview was to explore the effectiveness of school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents. Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. While various guidance documents have been published by United Nations (UN) organizations addressing a range of services from oral health to malaria [37], there is no internationally accepted guideline regarding school health services. Because all three school health assessments are based on best practices and focus on known youth health risks, many of the assessment items are similar. The remaining three SRs also assessed FRIENDS and PRP along with additional often-overlapping programs. All schools funded by the Alliance for a Healthier Generation are required to use the Healthy Schools Inventory for planning, national recognition, and program evaluation.
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