Departament de Medicina, Food poisoning can be caused by germs that are in lettuce. The most common reasons for diarrhea after eating greens: Bacteria, parasites, and viruses from mishandled or unwashed produce. Why does my stomach bloat after I eat salad? FOIA Why Does Lettuce By the end of treatment, the subjective sensation of abdominal distension and abdominal girth were measured. Only patients who reported episodes of visible distension related to ingestion of lettuce in contrast to basal periods with mild or no distension were included in the study. Accessibility The majority of people get better in a few days. Cofactors were involved in the clinical reactions of 13 of the 30 patients. Oral allergy syndrome is very frequent and is associated with intake of various foods, especially vegetables and fruits. Abdominal CT image in a patient during basal conditions and during an episode of lettuceinduced distension. Cooked bacon. Why Does The amount of colonic gas and the intraluminal distribution of the gaseous mass, both during basal conditions as well as after eating lettuce, was within the normal range observed in healthy subjects during fasting and after a regular meal.18, 20, 21, 22. Millions of bacterial cells live within our intestines. Tremolaterra F, Villoria A, Azpiroz F, Serra J, Aguade S, Malagelada JR. It helps to break down heavy carbohydrates and proteins and enables your stomach to function properly. If you find that certain types of lettuce make you bloated, try avoiding them or eating them in moderation. The .gov means its official. The tip of the iceberg: Is iceberg lettuce good for you? When patients complained of distension after ingestion of lettuce, the subjective sensation of abdominal distension (4.50.2 score) was significantly higher than during basal condition (2.00.4 score; P<.001). Basically, the berg is mostly Some patients complain that eating lettuce gives them gas and abdominal distention. Food poisoning Thats why pre-packaged and raw foods, like salad, fruits, and undercooked meat are common culprits of food poisoning since theyre uncooked, says Sonpal. In the first measurement (basal conditions or distension episode), the location of the belt was marked on the skin for subsequent measurements. After eating lettuce, gas content in the colon increased but to an extent that would hardly account for an episode of visible abdominal distension. The resulting oral bolus was mixed with 10mL of prewarmed SGF, the mix was adjusted to pH 3 with HCl and incubated for 2hours at 37C with mild shaking every 30minutes; SGF contained 0.15mmol/L CaCl2 and 2000U/mL porcine pepsin (ref. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The main side effects, and most worrisome, involve diarrhea, crippling stomach cramps, and chronic vomiting. Liestal You may occasionally experience stomach pain after eating salads. However, not all starch vegetables offer the same nutritional benefits. Why Does Lettuce Give Me Diarrhea - HealthyGutClub.com Does Lettuce Cause Gas Here's How to Make It Last Longer. Raw, cruciferous vegetables are tough to digest because theyre fibrous. Gas production by both preparations was significantly lower than that during fermentation of beans, the high gasproducing control, and higher than with the negative nutrientfree control (Figure (Figure11). Lettuce is a low gasreleasing substrate for microbiota fermentation and lettuceinduced abdominal distension is produced by an uncoordinated activity of the abdominal walls. Can You Be Allergic To Iceberg Lettuce? - Sweetish Hill They may thus react to vegetables, fruits, nuts or cereals. If you have an unhealthy gastrointestinal tract or food sensitivities, then youre more likely to have a bad reaction to digesting raw vegetables. Disentangling the conditioned behavior may be a better strategy. The patient's subjective sensation of abdominal distension was measured on a 6score graphic rating scale graded from 0 (no distension) to 6 (extremely severe distension). Explosive diarrhea occurs when the rectum fills with more liquid and gas than it can hold. They contain insoluble fiber and are proven to ease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Limit your daily intake of fiber to between 25 and 30 grams. Anti-inflammatory leafy greens do not include iceberg lettuce, which has very little nutritional value. The study protocol had been previously approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital Vall dHebron, and all subjects gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Direccin General de Investigacin Cientfica y Tcnica, SAF 201676648R); Ciberehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. An uncoordinated activity of the abdominal walls causes lettuce to produce abdominal distension. How long does it take to poop out lettuce? Cooked leafy and cruciferous vegetables such as kale, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower and bok choy digest in around 40-50 minutes. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Can You Be Allergic To Iceberg Lettuce But Not Romaine? Fecal slurries of each sample were prepared, as follows: An aliquot (4g) of each fecal sample was thoroughly mixed in a total volume of 40mL PBS during 5minutes using a Lab Blender 400 Stomacher (ref. No way. They may be light-colored and float. Barba E, Snchez B, Burri E, et al. Four preparations were tested: iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cow meat (Bos taurus; sirloin) and broad beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety Granja Asturiana), and a nutrientfree negative control (phosphatebuffered saline, PBS). The symptoms start 6 to 24 hours after exposure. Too much fiber can cause an upset stomach, so its important to make sure youre eating a balanced diet. The varietals of lettuce likely contain similar allergens therefore all lettuce varietals should be avoided. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal How long does it take to digest iceberg lettuce? What gets rid of a bloated stomach? Here's how! It helps to break down heavy carbohydrates and proteins and enables your stomach to function properly. This makes room for more food. According to a veterinary center in New Zealand, the vegetable can cause your bunny to suffer from colic and bloating and should be replaced with high-fiber fruits, veggies, and herbs. Many companies use a mixture of chlorine and water to disinfect the lettuce during the washing process. Beyond these main pieces of reasonable evidence, our study does not elucidate the specific factors in lettuce and the underlying mechanisms leading to the abnormal somatic response. If you have an unhealthy gastrointestinal tract or food sensitivities, then youre more likely to have a bad reaction to digesting raw vegetables. Does Lettuce Hence, learning to control the abdominal muscles may prevent distension with no need of dietary restrictions. Your gut flora easily ferments soluble fiber. Bean sprouts are a delicious and nutritious addition to lots of dishes. Types of nightshade plants include potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, red pepper flakes, eggplant, and paprika. But compared to iceberg, an equal amount of romaine delivers: And other, darker leafy greens like kale, spinach, arugula, and watercress really blow iceberg out of the water. There are two major reasons why vegetables can be hard on our stomachs: Lettuce = Upset Stomach? - Celiac.com Adaptation of CT analysis program. To measure the volume of gas within the gut, images were filtered with a userdefined threshold to separate gas from tissues. According to the Mayo Clinic, seeing the occasional fragment of undigested food is not a problem, unless its accompanied by persistent diarrhea, other disruptions to your bathroom habits or weight loss, in which case you should see your doctor. What are the symptoms of being allergic to lettuce? Girth measurements were taken with the subjects breathing quietly as the average of inspiratory and expiratory determinations over three consecutive respiratory cycles without manipulation of the belttape assembly by the investigator. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Yes, you could be sensitive to lettuce. Plus its crisp and refreshing, and the mild flavor makes it super versatile in everything from salads to sandwiches to bowls. Salads are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. How long does it take to get food poisoning from lettuce? How Much Does It Cost To Grow An Acre Of Lettuce? Spain, 3 Analysis of CT images was performed blindly. Each slot of microbiota preparation was mixed with 12mL of one of the previously digested preparations: lettuce, ie the test meal, meat, ie the low gasproducing control, beans, ie the high gas producing control, and the nutrientfree negative control. People suffering from a more severe allergy to cooked fruit may be sensitised to this group of proteins. This discomfort can take the form of feeling tired, sluggish or drowsy. Your body uses less energy to break down food when warm water is consumed, which allows for improved digestion and less gas. There are life threatening anaphylaxis and urticaria included. They always enjoy trying out his latest creations, and often give him feedback on how he can make them even better. Why Does Iceberg Lettuce Hurt My Stomach? - Sweetish Hill This includes Urticaria and life threatening anaphylaxis. Foods that contain high amounts of the natural sugar fructose also have the potential to produce gas in some people. Before The crisp, crunchy veg is a pretty pale green, and indeed, its not the most nutrient packed option out there. Is Iceberg Lettuce Healthy? Plus, Creative Ways to Eat It In the small number of cases reported, reaction to spinach ingestion appear to be similar to those of oral allergy syndrome. This reflex is a normal involuntary reaction to food entering the stomach. During a lettuceinduced episode of abdominal distension, colonic gas content tended to be higher, but not significantly, than during basal conditions. Some varieties, like iceberg lettuce, are very low in nutrients and can actually irritate the stomach lining. Rumination syndrome is a condition in which people repeatedly and unintentionally spit up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food from the stomach, rechew it, and then either reswallow it or spit it out. Read on for storage tips and signs of spoilage. Like iceberg lettuce, silverbeetsometimes referred to as chardis another leafy green that your rabbit should avoid. Is Iceberg Lettuce Good for You? 2 Common dairy products include: Milk Cheese Yogurt Ice This type of fiber may trigger or worsen IBS symptoms in some people, though the very small amount in lettuce is unlikely to do so. Why does iceberg lettuce upset my stomach? Increase fiber gradually. It isnt a common allergen. government site. Lettuce allergies are not as common as allergies and intolerances to peanuts, dairy or shellfish, says Dr. Sonpal. If a person experiences diarrhea within hours of eating, they may have food poisoning. Raw vegetables not only provide vital nutrients to keep your body humming, but the fiber in them is safe and vital for a healthy colon. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Correction of the somatic response might be more effective than the current dietary restriction strategy. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. I have a sensitive stomach 5. Kale has the widest range of benefits, with the fewest drawbacks when stacked up against its competitors. Limit your fiber intake to less than 30 grams per day. These hormones tell your colon to contract to move food through your colon and out of your body. 2 grams of carbs. Thus it allows for smooth movement of bowels and helps to cure constipation and acid reflux. According to Food Fix founder Heather Bauer, RD, CND, all those raw veggies can seriously stress out your GI tract. CDC estimates that germs on produce eaten raw cause a large percentage of U.S. foodborne illnesses. As part of a healthful diet, iceberg lettuce can increase fiber and water intake. 30-40 minutes05/10Vegetables Vegetables high in water such as lettuce, celery, watercress, asparagus, cucumber, peppers, tomatoes and radishes digest in 30-40 minutes. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The method has been previously described and validated in detail.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Briefly, a nonstretch belt (48mm wide) with a metric tape measure fixed over it was placed over the umbilicus. Lettuce may induce symptoms of food allergy, in particular oral allergy syndrome, in sensitised individuals. Answer. It does not store any personal data. During physiological conditions in humans, fermentation of meal residues by colonic microbiota can be monitored by measuring colonic gas production.23, 24, 25, 26 Gas production peaks after ingestion with the arrival into the colon of fresh substrates escaping small bowel absorption; subsequently gas production declines,24 but still the fecal material evacuated contains fermentable residues. After the simulated digestion, the samples of the four preparations (the three digested foodstuffs and the nutrientfree negative control) were divided in three different aliquots and immediately stored at 80C. Switzerland, 6 Under the visual guidance provided by the EMG signal, all patients were able to effectively control their abdominal muscular activity. Bloated tummy foods to avoid and eat irritable bowel syndrome healingwell forum. Iceberg lettuce can also cause stomach cramps by increasing the amount of gas in the intestines. Because its low in calories, theres not a big problem with eating too much lettuce. Passos MC, Tremolaterra F, Serra J, Azpiroz F, Malagelada JR. What are the 3 vegetables you should not eat? tests on a sample of your poo to check for infections and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study is an exploratory arm of a larger study (ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01205100","term_id":"NCT01205100"}}NCT01205100) involving a subset of patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria described above, and hence, no power calculation was performed; data on abdominal CT imaging have not been previously published. Gas production by microbiota fermentation of lettuce was similar to that of meat (a low gasreleasing substrate), 7815% lower than that of beans (a high gasreleasing substrate; P<.001) and 2519% higher than with the nutrientfree control (P=.05). According to Niket Sonpal, MD, an internist and gastroenterologist and an assistant professor at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York, lettuce is usually very bad for your health. In the bovine battle royale, which dairy product reigns supreme, organic milk or regular milk? Coconut oil has a long shelf life but can eventually spoil. One cup of shredded iceberg lettuce delivers: 10 calories. Gerardos friends and family are the lucky beneficiaries of his delicious cooking. The difference in total intraabdominal volume (between the fasting basal scan and the postprandial distension scan was 835187mL. The three predigested foodstuff and the nutrientfree control were incubated with preparations of human colonic microbiota (n=3). Gas Pains. Does Iceberg Lettuce Cause Gas? [2023] | Meal Delivery Reviews Vegetables to Eat: Spinach, cucumbers, lettuce, sweet potatoes and zucchini are all great to eat and do not cause bloating. Why does bagged salad upset my stomach? What happens when you eat a salad everyday? If the lettuce is not properly cleaned, it can cause you to become sick. How do you get rid of gas after eating salad? The volume of gas in the small bowel (2414mL in the basal scan) and in the stomach (122mL basal) also tended to increase (increase by 129mL and by 4110mL, respectively) but the differences were not statistically significant (P=.089 and P=.111, respectively). Does Lettuce Salads are thought of as healthy, but they contain a mix of raw ingredients that can be contaminated with harmful bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli. Its too cold for salad 6. Many companies use a mixture of chlorine and water to disinfect the lettuce during the washing process. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Drinking warm or hot water can help get rid of gas immediately. Chlorine is indigestible, and can cause severe stomach upset , as well as reactions ranging from mild cramping to diarrhea and hospitalization. Treatment was associated with a significant improvement in the subjective sensation of abdominal distension (from 4.50.2 score to 2.20.3 score; 507% reduction; P<.001) and decrease in girth (by 502mm; P<.001). Breads and cereals made with refined (not whole) grains. Food residues within the colon serve as substrates for microbiota metabolism. Adverse reactions may be severe, resulting in anaphylaxis. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) are found in plants and foods that contain plants. Lactose intolerance can lead to digestive symptoms like bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Gas production by microbiota fermentation in vitro. This leafy green tops the chart as one of the most nutrient-dense vegetables. While fiber is an essential part of a healthy and well-balanced diet, too much fiber can cause an upset stomach, diarrhea and cramping. Worst Veggie: Starchy Vegetables Corn, peas, potatoes, pumpkin, squash, and yams are starchy vegetables. What Is The Purple Lettuce In A Salad Called? In fact, it may even ease your symptoms due to its low FODMAP content. The food ingested undergoes a process of digestion in the oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine before the resulting chime enters the colon. Specific yoga poses can help your body relax to aid the passing of gas. Lettuce isnt generally considered hard on the digestive tract, so the problem may stem from a medical condition, a food allergy or an intolerance. Onions, artichokes, bell peppers, cucumbers, iceberg lettuce, apples, green grapes, pears, raisins and watermelon are examples of foods high in fructose. Butter lettuce may be easier for some people to digest because it has a low fiber content; however everyone reacts differently to different fruits and vegetables. Lettuce, celery and sweet peppers These mild green veggies are easy on the stomach and wont cause painful gas. P7000; SigmaAldrich). There isnt a widespread outbreak of illness because the vegetables are mostly being cooked. How Does Lettuce Affect IBS Symptoms? - Healthline Bacterial and viral infection Rotavirus, norovirus, and other kinds of viral gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as stomach flu, are among the viruses that can cause explosive diarrhea. Thus it allows for smooth movement of bowels and helps to cure constipation and acid reflux. It tends to cause hand dermatitis, which spreads up the forearms. These hormones tell your colon to contract to move food through your colon and out of your body. Massage. This type of fiber may trigger or worsen IBS symptoms in some people, though the very small amount in lettuce is unlikely to do so. Your stomach may not be used to all the fiber that comes from leafy greens The acid in vinegar can cause gas and bloating which can lead to diarrhea You are Millions of bacterial cells live within our intestines. Why does iceberg lettuce upset my stomach? When hes not cooking, Justin enjoys spending time with his wife and son. One gram of fiber is contained in a cup of lettuce. Many high-fiber foods, like corn, leafy greens, and certain nuts and grains, often pass through you only partially digested because the enzymes in your system dont break them down fully. You might reach for salad as a healthy meal or side, but it may cause digestive problems depending on whats in it. Battle royale: Iceberg vs. romaine and other leafy greens, chipotle chicken lettuce wraps or steak and sriracha lettuce wraps, pineapple avocado detox and green coconut pomegranate smoothies, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/, fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169247/nutrients, fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169248/nutrients, sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224414002386, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-HealthProfessional/, health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/salad-greens-getting-the-most-bang-for-the-bite, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminK-HealthProfessional/, 16 Best Foods with Potassium for All Diets, Nightshade Vegetables: The Good, the Bad, and the Spusdy, 11 Potato Salads That Put the Salad Bar's to Shame. Its hard to believe that something as innocuous as lettuce could cause stomach pain. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. When adding fiber to your diet, do so slowly to avoid diarrhea. Still, many people with IBS complain about bloating, gas, constipation, and even diarrhea after eating raw veggies. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Mean values or grand means for repeated observations on the clinical study, ie treatment sessions of the parameters measured (SE) were calculated in each group of subjects. Also, soluble fiber (found in grains, nuts, seeds and some fruit and veggies) attracts water, meaning if youre not drinking enough, things wont flow and youll find yourself with symptoms such as bloating, gas and pain. Study design, in vitro studies, data analysis, manuscript revision. They also boast hella health perks and are easy to make at home. In fact, they're often loaded with vital nutrients and can be a. Cherry tomatoes. Butter lettuce may be easier for some people to digest because it has a low fiber content; however everyone reacts differently to different fruits and vegetables. Normality was tested by the KolmogorovSmirnov test. Furthermore, we can only speculate on the mechanisms of conditioning, ie what in lettuce and by which mechanism triggers the abnormal somatic response. The signs and symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 usually start three or four days after being exposed. A lot of people dont like it because its not as healthy as other lettuces, but its packed with vitamins and minerals. Raw vegetables and fruits are foods that can cause bloating and gas thanks to certain compounds and bacteria, and they could be why you may have a bad stomachache after eating salad. BS. Its hard to believe that something as innocuous as lettuce could cause stomach pain. Lettuce is a low gasreleasing substrate for microbiota fermentation and lettuceinduced abdominal distension is produced by an uncoordinated activity of the The straightforward management of this condition relays on dietary restriction avoiding the offending foodstuff, but this is cumbersome and in the long run may result unpractical. However, seeing undigested lettuce in your stool can make you a little wary of this leafy green. What Is Eating Small Holes In My Lettuce? Salads and IBS As many of you know, salads are a nutritious powerhouse chock full of antioxidants, healthy fats, and lean proteins. Inhale and bring your right knee to your chest. And since volume is tied to satiety, it follows that using iceberg lettuce to round out a dish like stuffing it into a turkey and cheese wrap or using it as the base for a taco bowl could help you reach your weight loss goals. Lettuce isn't generally considered hard on the Heres the lowdown on the benefits of iceberg lettuce. Lettuce contains one allergenic protein called Lac s 1, it is a Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP), these proteins are resistant to heat and are found in many types of plants. He loves exploring new restaurants and trying out different cuisines. If you have an unhealthy gastrointestinal tract or food sensitivities, then youre more likely to have a bad reaction to digesting raw vegetables. The Monster On My Back: Energy Drink Addiction, A Yeast Feast: How to Cook With Nutritional Yeast, These Beans are the Bomb: Bean Sprouts Nutrition, Benefits, and Risks. When considering the best diet for your IBS, stock your pantry and fridge with foods that are gentle on your system. The dressing could have ingredients that irritate the gut Chutkan says there are some common ingredients in them that can cause irritation to the gut. Salads are too heavy for me 8. Here's a, There's no evidence that shows nightshade vegetables are bad for your health. National Library of Medicine Comparisons of parametric, normallydistributed data were made by the paired Student's t test; otherwise, the Wilcoxon signedrank test was used. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Why does iceberg lettuce upset my stomach? If you are an iceberg lettuce fan, try making your salad with kale, arugula and spinach. Gerardo Gonzalez loves cooking. 0.1 grams of fat. Oviedo abdominal distension, diaphragmatic activity, functional gut disorders, intestinal gas, lettuce, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01205100","term_id":"NCT01205100"}}, Abdominal distension after eating lettuce: The role of intestinal gas evaluated in vitro and by abdominal CT imaging. are probably the most nutrient-packed foods you can eat. 10 Reasons Why Salads Give Me Diarrhea 1. All patients had a functional disorder diagnosis based on Rome III criteria 12: 8 functional bloating (7.10.5 bowel movements per week; 3.20.3 score on the Bristol stool form scale) and four constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndrome (2.20.3 bowel movements per week, 2.00.4 Bristol score). Both serve up about the same amount of calories. Lets do a quick side-by-side of iceberg and its cousin romaine lettuce. While fiber is an essential part of a healthy and well-balanced diet, too much fiber can cause an upset stomach, diarrhea and cramping. Leafy greens (mixed greens, romaine lettuce, spinach, kale, etc.) Symptoms usually start within 2 to 5 days after exposure. Iceberg also offers small amounts of some vitamins and minerals: So the lettuce has some good stuff going for it. The dressing could have ingredients that irritate the gut Chutkan says there are some common ingredients in them that can cause irritation to the gut. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Lettuce may induce symptoms of food allergy, in particular oral allergy syndrome, in sensitised individuals. People who dont eat enough other vegetables can find a good bridge food in the form of Iceberg lettuce. Best Foods for Acid Reflux Skip fried and instead choose baked, broiled or grilled. In order to mimic the digestive process, a standardized static in vitro digestion method was used following international guidelines 10; the composition of Simulated Salivary Fluid (SSF), Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF), and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) has been reported in detail.10. Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response. Passing the stool is often loud, due to the escaping gas. This includes Urticaria and life threatening anaphylaxis. Spinach. You can make it last longer by storing it properly. Yoga poses. I wonder if lettuce is hard to digest. Gas production by each of the three independent fecal microbiotas fed with the different substrates (total 12 preparations) was monitored using the ANKOMRF Gas Production System (ANKOM Technology) in an anaerobic workstation (MG500 Anaerobic Workstation, Don Whitley Scientific) at 37C during 30hours, under a H2:CO2:N2 (1:1:8) atmosphere. Leafy greens (mixed greens, romaine lettuce, spinach, kale, etc.) They are high in vitamin A, C, and K, all of which have anti-inflammatory properties. This type of fiber may trigger or worsen IBS symptoms in some people, though the very small amount in lettuce is unlikely to do so. Many high-fiber foods, like corn, leafy greens, and certain nuts and grains, often pass through you only partially digested because the enzymes in your system dont break them down fully. 2023 Greatist, a Healthline Media Company. The dressing is too spicy 9. This makes room for more food. This mechanism of abdominal distension has been also detected in other patients with episodic abdominal distension not specifically related to meals.5, 6 To treat this condition, we developed in our laboratory a biofeedback technique that allows patients to control the activity of the abdominal walls.5, 19 The fact that our patients learned to modulate the activity of the abdominal walls, and thereby prevented lettuceinduced distension, suggests that the latter is a behavioral response under volitional control.
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